A crucial warning has been issued by the NHS regarding metformin, a widely prescribed medication for type 2 diabetes. This alert is especially relevant for those who have been taking the drug for an extended period.
Metformin is a go-to treatment for type 2 diabetes, a condition where the body struggles to produce enough insulin or effectively utilize it, leading to high blood sugar levels, or hyperglycemia. The drug works by enhancing the body's insulin sensitivity, thereby lowering blood sugar levels. It is typically recommended when lifestyle changes alone are insufficient for managing diabetes.
The latest statistics reveal that metformin is the most commonly prescribed drug for type 2 diabetes in England, with over 26.4 million treatments dispensed in 2024 alone. It is available in various forms, including tablets, liquid solutions, and powder sachets.
While diabetes treatment is often lifelong, individuals with kidney issues may need to switch to alternative medications. It is imperative to consult your doctor before stopping metformin, as doing so abruptly can worsen diabetes symptoms.
Common side effects of metformin include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach aches, loss of appetite, and a metallic taste in the mouth. However, these are not experienced by everyone.
But here's where it gets controversial: the NHS has issued a warning about a specific side effect of metformin that can lead to further health complications. Long-term use of metformin can cause vitamin B12 deficiency, which can result in extreme fatigue, breathlessness, and even fainting. This is a serious issue that requires medical attention.
Vitamin B12 plays a crucial role in maintaining a healthy nervous system. A deficiency can lead to nerve damage, causing numbness and tingling in the extremities. The symptoms can range from memory issues and difficulty concentrating to severe confusion and, in extreme cases, psychosis. It can also impair physical coordination, potentially causing balance problems and issues with walking.
During pregnancy, a B12 deficiency increases the risk of neural tube defects in the developing baby, such as spina bifida. Severe deficiency can also lead to temporary infertility.
Vitamin B12 is also essential for the production of healthy red blood cells and DNA. A deficiency can disrupt this process, leading to anemia, which presents with symptoms like fatigue, pale skin, shortness of breath, and headaches. Some research even suggests a potential link between B12 deficiency and an increased risk of coronary artery disease and stroke.
So, how can you avoid B12 deficiency while taking metformin? According to a National Institutes of Health study, annual testing for B12 deficiency is recommended for those on metformin. The American Diabetes Association also advises annual B12 testing, especially for those at higher risk or showing symptoms like anemia or neuropathy. Research indicates that the risk of deficiency increases with higher dosages and longer treatment periods.
If you have additional risk factors, such as being over 65, following a vegan diet, or taking proton pump inhibitors for acid reflux, more frequent testing might be necessary. To boost your vitamin B12 levels, consider incorporating foods rich in this nutrient, such as meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy products, and fortified foods.
Metformin is a powerful tool for managing diabetes, but it's crucial to be aware of potential side effects and take the necessary precautions. Always consult your doctor before making any changes to your medication, as they can guide you on the best course of action to manage both your diabetes and your vitamin B12 levels.
